class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # War, Technology & Innovation ## Energy and the Periodisation Problem ### Jack McDonald ### 2020-02-18 --- class: inverse # Lecture Outline .pull-left[ - From last week: Drafting - "The Dinosaur Juice Killing Spree" - Energy Technology in History - The Periodisation Problem ] .pull-right[ ] ??? --- class: inverse # Small Group Discussion .pull-left[ The task from last week was to read the paper on Information, Privacy & War, and to try and identify your own personal criticisms of the paper, and the kind of criticisms that a peer-reviewer might raise. ] .pull-right[ In groups of 3-4, discuss your own criticisms of the paper (which do you agree on, which do you disagree on), and try to identify some "best candidates" for what a peer-reviewer might have said about the paper. ] ??? --- # The Answers .pull-left[ Treat data questions more prominently Claim more than you do, especially about the duty to know, and probabilistic nature of data Conceptual framing of privacy needs a lot of work Consider the movement in privacy literature on privacy as a social good ] -- .pull-right[ Interesting theoretical topic, but needs more analysis Doesn't explain why we should assume privacy as an absolute right What is the author's position on the topic? Isn't this all explainable with a standard JWT analysis? ] ??? --- class: inverse # Energy Technology in History ??? --- # The Energy System .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[ A quick glance at this system reveals that _most_ of our contemporary energy system is relatively new ] ??? --- # Preindustrial Prime Movers .pull-left[ .medium[ > New tools led to the harnessing of domesticated animals, the building of more complex muscle-powered machines, and the conversion of a tiny fraction of the kinetic energies of wind and water to useful power. These new prime movers multiplied the power under human command, but for a very long time their use was circumscribed by the nature and magnitude of the captured flows. Vaclav Smil, _Energy and Civilisation_ ] ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # Fossil Fuels .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # Electricity .left-column[    ] .right-column[ > The beauty of electricity or of any other force is not that the power is mysterious, and unexpected, touching every sense at unawares in turn, but that it is under _law_, and that the taught intellect can even now govern it largely. The human mind is placed above, and not beneath it, and it is in such a point of view that the mental education afforded by science is rendered super-eminent in dignity, in practical application and utility Michael Faraday ] ??? --- # High Energy Society .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # Consequences of the Energy System .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- class: inverse # Small Group Discussion .large[What concept/process (if any) best describes transitions between patterns of warfare?] ??? --- class: inverse # The Periodisation Problem ??? --- # Periodising History .pull-left[ .medium[ > As practicing historians well know, the identification of coherent periods of history involves much more than the simple discovery of self-evident turning points in the past: it depends on prior decisions about the issues and processes that are most important for the shaping of human societies, and it requires the establishment of criteria or principles that enable historians to sort through masses of information and recognize patterns of continuity and change. Jerry H. Bentley, _Cross-Cultural Interaction and Periodization in World History_ ] ] .pull-right[ Three modern paradigms of periodisation - Productive relations between humans and nature (neolithic, commercial capitalism, industrial capitalism, post-industrial society) - Religion and culture (Axial age 800-200 BCE) - Relations between civilisations/societies (early complex societies, ancient, classical, postclassical, nomad empires, modernity) ] ??? --- # Periodising War and Warfare (Recap) .pull-left[ .medium[ Marshall G.S. Hodgson's periodisation - Agrarian Age 7000BCE to 1800CE - Preaxial 3000-800BCE - Axial 800-200BCE - Postaxial 200BCE-1800CE - Technical Age 1800CE to present Martin Van Creveld - Age of Tools (-1500) - Age of Machines (1500-1830) - Age of Systems (1830-1945) - Age of Automation (1945-) ] ] .pull-right[ Warfare is standardised patterns of expected organised interaction between polities Wayne E. Lee: Capacity, calculation, and culture What defines the dominant patterns of warfare between polity types? ] ??? --- # Capacity .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # Calculation .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # Culture .pull-left[  ] .pull-right[  ] ??? --- # The Dinosaur Juice Killing Spree .pull-left[ - Energy and The Periodisation Problem - War Either Side of The Great Transition - Prime Movers and New Domains of Warfare - The Nuclear Complication - War in the Anthropo-whatnow? ] .pull-right[ What does a periodisation of war according to energy technologies add to our understanding of the relationship between war and technology? What does said periodisation fail to explain? ] ???